Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application

Lacto-fermentation is a low-cost technique for reducing nitrogen loss, speeds up the hygienization process and reduces odor emissions in source separated human faeces and urine. When combined with thermophilic composting and biochar supplementation it will produce safe soil conditioners without the need for turning and aeration and will enhance plant germination and growth. Lacto-fermented faeces and biochar produce similar or higher crop yield than mineral fertilizer and improves soil quality compared to simple stored urine, faeces and cattle manure. It prevents urea hydrolysis, nitrogen volatilization, enhances germination and reduces odor emissions compared to untreated stored urine.