Popular Muslim Reactions to the Franks in the Levant, 1097–1291

The issue of Muslim reactions to the Franks has been an important part of studies of both the Crusades and Islamic history for a number of decades. This book examines the reactions of the Muslims of the Levant to the arrival and presence of the Franks in the crusading period, 1097-1291. It focusses on those outside the politico-military and religious elites arguing that it was they, as much as the more famous Muslim rulers, who were initiators of resistance to the Franks.