Carbon Dioxide Angiography

This volume studies the evolution of CO2 as a contrast agent, the physics and hemodynamics of CO2, recent clinical and experimental studies on the safety of CO2 as an intravenous agent, and monitoring during CO2 angiography. Assembling more than 25 years of real-world experience, laboratory research data, and strategies acquired by the authors in the utilization of CO2 angiography, it outlines a practical approach to its utilization in a variety of diagnostic and interventional vascular procedures, including angiography in the abdominal aorta, visceral, and renal arteries, and for renal transplant, tumors, and traumatic and gastrointestinal bleeding.